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Legal Encyclopedia - Estates and trusts

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estates and trusts: an overview

During the early 1500's in England landowners found it advantageous to convey the legal title of their land to third parties while retaining the benefits of ownership. Because they were not the real "owners" of the land, and wealth was primarily measured by the amount of land owned, they were immune from creditors and may have absolved themselves of some feudal obligations. While feudal concerns no longer exist and wealth is held in many forms other than land (i.e., stocks, bonds, bank accounts), the idea of placing property in third party hands for the benefit of another. This is the idea of a trust which has survived and prospered.

Generally, a trust is a right in property (real or personal) which is held in a fiduciary relationship by one party for the benefit of another. The trustee is the one who holds title to the trust property, and the beneficiary is the person who receives the benefits of the trust. To understand the laws governing trusts a good starting point is the Restatement (2nd) of Trusts.

Many trusts are created as an alternative to or in conjunction with a will and other elements of estate planning. State law establishes the framework for determiningthe validity and limits for both.

The Uniform Probate Code (http://www.law.cornell.edu/uniform/probate.html) has shaped state law in this field. It includes provisions dealing with affairs and estates of the deceased and laws dealing with specified nontestamentary transfers, like trusts and their administration. The theory behind the Code is that wills and trusts are in close relationship and thus in need of unification. Since its creation, over thirty percent of states have adopted the Code substantially in whole.

Since many individuals neither set up trusts nor execute wills, state intestate succesion laws are an important complement to trust and estate law. They determine where an individual's assets go upon death in the absence of a will.

menu of sources

Federal Material

Federal Statutes

Federal Agency Regulations

Federal Judicial Decisions

State Material

State Statutes

  • Uniform Laws:
  • State Statutes Dealing with:
    • Probate (http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/state_statutes.html#probate)
    • Property (http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/state_statutes.html#property)
    • Taxation (http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/state_statutes.html#tax)

State Judicial Decisions

Other References

Key Internet Sources

Useful Offnet (or Subscription - $) Sources

other topics

Category: Family Law


Retrieved from "http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Estates_and_trusts". Content is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License.

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